A rocket is a space vehicle or a space craft that is used to carry satellites or even humans to space. Most of the rockets are launched for putting the satellites into orbit. These are made up of very light metals like aluminium. These rockets must be air tight and must have all the living conditions inside if they are carrying living Creatures. These have started from the eighteenth century, from Mysorean Rockets to Modern Rockets. These are important to know about space, the world beyond us. To know far away planets like Saturn and Jupiter, rockets have been launched to put satellites into those planets' orbits. So, rockets have become an important transporter.
Space Craft Propulsion
It is a method by which we accelerate an aircraft or rocket. Most of these methods include the method by which we apply thrust at the bottom of the craft, so that it can move upwards. This type of propulsion includes jet or rocket engines.This method can be the use of solid propellants or liquid propellants or both. We just want the maximum thrust, and for applying thrust, we have also used nuclear fusion or nuclear blasts to give thrust to a rocket.
Rocket Mechanism
A rocket's mechanism follows Newton's third law on Motion -"Every Action has an Equal and Opposite Reaction." A rocket applies thrust by an exothermic reaction of a fuel and oxidizer on the ground so that the same reaction force is acted upon it and it moves upwards. It must have the speed to overcome the gravitational pull of the earth having high velocity and acceleration to prevent it retard. This burning fuel with high pressures is blown out through a supersonic nozzle, which a rocket has at the bottom of its engine. When this fuel comes out, it creates thrust through which a rocket is launched from the planet.
Rocket Body
Apollo 11 having Stream-Lined Body
A rocket must have a streamlined body like jets or airplanes have so that it can avoid air resistance. At lower altitudes, air resistance is very high and the gravitational pull is also high. So, a rocket launched must have high speed and a designed streamlined body at lower altitudes. As the rocket goes higher and higher, the air resistance becomes less. That's why a rocket starts to remove its parts one by one when it is launched. Rockets launching satellites, have very high speeds and not much mechanism. It just pops up the satellite into orbit as it reaches that point of geostationary orbits or any other point, the other parts of the rocket falls down, may be in an ocean or in a sea.
Rocket Engine
A rocket engine is almost similar to jet engine that can have high speeds. It uses reaction mass to burn up and create high speeds. In a It uses any aviation fuel with an oxidizer agent that ix and burn in the combustion chambers. When these mixtures burn, they create high pressure to get thrust. This thrust has and equal and opposite reaction, which blows the rocket into air at high velocities.
Rocket Propellant
Rocket propellant is a chemical used in exothermic chemical reactions with an oxidizer, to produce a hot and pressurized gas, that is directed through a nozzle in a rocket. This hot gas is known as propellant gas. This propellant can be a solid or liquid. Some other propellants are vaporized readily, to produce propellant gas.
Rocket Nozzle
A simple rocket must have a nozzle, combustion chamber, engine and a streamlined body. This nozzle is supersonic so that the fuel is released with high pressure and speeds. This is responsible for the rocket thrust and it must be designed perfectly. Many rockets fail due to failure in their nozzles as a nozzle is a very important part in a rocket body.
Solid Fueled-Rockets
Solid Fueled Rocket ( from NASA )
Solid Fueled-Rockets use Solid propellants and oxidizers. Some of these propellants are potassium nitrate, powdered aluminium. Some Solid oxidizers are Potassium Perchlorate, Ammonium Nitrate, Ammonium Perchlorate, e.t.c. These solid fuel are easy to store and handle. These rockets produce high thrust in low cost. That's why Launch vehicles use generally solid fuels, as they are of no use when the satellite is launched.
Liquid Fueled-Rockets
Liquid Rocket Engine ( from NASA )
These rockets use liquid propellants and oxidizers. Some of these propellants are liquid hydrogen, nitrous oxide, nitrogen tetroxide, e.t.c. Common oxidizer used in these rockets is Liquid Oxygen. This liquid oxygen is very powerful and rapidly burns when it is reacting. So, these rockets are difficult to handle as liquid oxidizer must be carefully stored. These rockets also produce thrust, but at a high cost. These rockets have high mass as they contain liquids and have high containers. So, thrust produced don't produce speeds.
Hybrid Rockets
Liquid Oxygen
Hybrid rockets use both solid an liquid propellants. These work more efficiently as they are modified, and are easy to handle. These rockets are environmentally safer. Developments of these rockets has been very less and these type of rockets are not used commonly as solid fueled rockets are simple and used commonly.
Rockets can also be nuclear. They produce nuclear fusion which is a nuclear bomb. It launches it back of the rocket which creates a blast caught by plates. This creates very high speeds and very high thrust. It is used in rockets that are sent to far away space like Jupiter or Saturn.
Mysorean Rockets
Mysorean Rockets Tipu Sultan
During the eighteenth century, Tipu Sultan ( Tiger of Mysore ), the ruler of Mysore developed rockets which he used in his army against the British. It was the first rocket developed efficiently by the use of metals and today's mechanism. These were very powerful like modern rockets and Tipu was one of the rulers, who had powerful weapons at that time. When British defeated Tipu Sultan, they used this principle in the European Rocket Industry during the British Revolution.
How does a Rocket move in Space, Where there is no air?
A rocket needs just one thing, Thrust. When the rocket in just launched from earth, the gravitational pull and air resistance do not allow the rocket to move up, but the thrust being more than them, it moves up. In space, there is no gravity, nor air resistance. So, it just moves with more speed until the fuel is completed. According to me, in simple words, it is like the recoiling of the gun. When something is launched through something, the same thing pushes the launcher back ( According to Newton's Third law of motion ). The same thing is with rocket. It launches the burning fuel, it moves forward.
________________________________________________________________________
See the video, the launch of world's first rocket launched:
________________________________________________________________________
See the video, the launch of world's first rocket launched:
Please Comment about this blog. This is a newly started blog. I wish to view viewers suggestions and tips. Thank You.
Article by - M. Santosh
_________________________________________________________________________________
No comments:
Post a Comment