Engine inside a Automobile
Internal Combustion Engine is a Machine that uses heat to produce rotatory motion. In this engine, the ignition and the combustion occur internally or inside the engine. There are two type of Internal Combustion Engines, SI ( Spark Ignition ) and CI ( Compressed Ignition ). Spark Ignition Combustion engines uses a high volatile fuel like Gasoline (Petrol), that can ignite or flamed immediately by getting a spark from spark plugs in the entry of the combustion chamber. Another type of engine, External Combustion Engine ignites the fuel outside the combustion chamber. Both the engines are described below:
Compressed Ignition
An animation from Wikipedia shows the working of the piston
Compressed Ignition uses low volatile fuel like diesel, which are highly compressible and become highly pressurized. This pressure is used to push the piston up and down. It was discovered first by Rudolph Diesel in 1892. It produces more smoke and works efficiently with four stroke engines.
Rudolph Diesel
This engine is used in heavy vehicles like trucks as it gives slow energy. It is also used in high speed cars as that slow energy pushes lighter weight at more speeds.
Jet engines ( or Rockets ) also uses a type of CI engine. It uses Liquid Hydrogen and an oxidizer to provide high speeds. It has a supersonic nozzle that releases ignited fuel at high speeds to get thrust.
Combustion Chamber
This engine uses a combustion chamber, where the fuel and the oxidizer will burn and produce pressure on the piston inside it to move up and down. It must be built wisely so that it can withstand the heat produced inside it. A fuel like Gasoline will enter the chamber through a valve. The oxidizer will enter through another valve. When the oxidizer just touches the fuel, it gets ignited or burned. This burning fuel pushes the piston down. When the another piston moves down, the first one moves up, then the ignition happens in the first one.
Crankshaft
Crankshaft is a rod with a special type of a wheel, where the piston is connected by a connecting rod to get rotatory motion. This rod is connected to the vehicle's wheels to get it moving.
Lubrication
Lubrication System above the Crankshaft
The engines have a automatic lubrication system, that will keep on lubricating for the smooth efficiency of the engine. The oil has to be poured on a tank regularly, so the engine doesn't get repaired soon.
Heat Exchanger
The engines also have a tubular heat exchanger, so the heat is exchanged to a refrigerant like Freon, so that the engine doesn't get overheated. The hot air inside the engine contains high pressure, so it automatically passes through a pipe in the heat exchanger. When this heat will touch the refrigerant inside the heat exchanger, the refrigerant becomes a gas. This gas goes through another pipe to a condenser, where again it becomes a liquid, and comes back to its original place, where the hot air will again come to get cooled. But on a sunny day, engines often get overheated and doesn't work for a short period of time, till the heat is exchanged to the Refrigerant.
Spark Ignition
Spark Ignition Combustion Engines use high volatile fuels like gasoline, Hydrogen, LPG, Methanol, Ethanol, e.t.c. It produces high speeds. It can have two stroke or four stroke. Four stroke work for more time as two pistons work together. It makes two pairs of pistons to get 180 degree rotation. It works exactly as CI engines, it just has a spark plug to ignite the fuel-oxidizer mixture, while the CI engines uses the fuel to burn with oxidizer.
It is used in bikes and cars. It runs more efficiently and produces less smoke. It gets over heated soon as it releases high amount of heat. It is widely used current for transportation.
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See the following video from You tube how an engine works:
Article by M. Santosh
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